Linux

Commands

For use in the service console

ls -l	List directory contents (-l long format) - Colour codes
pwd	Present working directory
cp <src> <dest>	Copy a file
ln -s <src> <dest>	Create a symbolic link to a file
rm –i <file>	Remove (delete) file (-i prompts before remove)
rm –d -r -f <folder>	Remove (delete) folder and contents without prompting
find <folder> -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;	Remove (delete) files in folder older than 14 days
more <file>	Views a file (read only), q to exit, +line to start from line
find /path/ -iname "*FILENAME*"	Find file with *filename* in path
watch -d "ls -lt *.vmdk ;date"	Watch modifications occurring to files matching *.vmdk
diff <file1> <file2>	Difference between two files
grep <find> <file>	Find all occurrences of find in file
tail <file>	Displays the last 10 lines of a file, -f follows any updates (eg to monitor a log file)
init <level>	Level 0 - Halt system, level 6 - Reboot system
df -h	Disk space summary
du -sh	Directory space usage summary
chmod +x <file>	Add execute permission to a file
uname -a	Running OS info
arp -n	IP -> MAC arp table
ifconfig	Interface config (Unix equiv of Windows' ipconfig)
ps fx | grep <proc>	Find running process info
ps -aux	Running process info
kill <pid>	Kill a process
lsof <folder>	List open files
top	Task Manager (ish)
free -m	Free memory
tar czf file.tgz folder	Tar contents of folder to file

VI Editor

VI is a bit of a pain to use, go slowly, and use [Esc] regularly to get out of the current mode after each operation

Crib sheet for VI mode commands...

i	Insert characters
x	Delete character
r	Replace character
cw	Overwrite word (use any delimiter)
o	Insert line
dd	Delete current line
<x>yy	Yank (copy) next x lines (inclusive of current line, default x is 1)
p	Paste yanked lines
/<string>	Search for next occurrence of string
:g/<find>/s//<replace>/g	Find and replace
:wq	Write (save) and Quit
:q!	Quit (don't save)
:undo	Undo last action

VIM Editor

VIm = Vi Improved, the commands are the same, but theres extra features

• VIM website
• VIM on line manual

Installation

1. Login to the ESX console using your user account and create a new directory (within /home/user
   • mkdir vim
2. Logon to the VCS machine (UKLONVCP1) and copy across the installation files, stored under the Software_Reposity directory (substitute user and ESXserver appropriately).
   • pscp C:\Software_Repository\vim-7.1.tar.bz2 user@ESXserver:/home/user/vim
3. Back on the ESX console become root, change into the directory where vim is
4. Extract the package
   • bunzip2 -c vim-7.1.tar.bz2 | tar -xf -
5. Move into the vim71 folder
6. Run configure
   • ./configure
7. Compile the package
   • make
8. Install the package
   • make install

Useful Commands

:syntax enable	Turns on syntax formatting
vim one.sh two.sh three.sh	Opens up three files for editing
:wnext	Writes changes to existing file and moves to next file(omit w not to write)
:wprevious	Writes changes to existing file and moves to previous file (omit w not to write)
v	Toggle visual mode (so you can select text), use y/p to yank/paste selected text
VIM manual section 7.5	Copy text between files

Unix User accounts

• Create Account - Use useradd <user> to add a new user account with the default policy settings
• Modify Password - Use passwd <user> to change password for user. To breach minimum complexity rules you must be logged in at the console (in the DC not remotely)
• Modify Expiry - To disable the password expiry policy for a account that already exists use chage -M 99999 <user> , to disable for all future account (ie modify the default policy) use esxcfg-auth --passmaxdays=99999