Linux

Commands

For use in the service console

ls -l	List directory contents (-l long format) - Colour codes
pwd	Present working directory
cp <src> <dest>	Copy a file
ln -s <src> <dest>	Create a symbolic link to a file
rm –i <file>	Remove (delete) file (-i prompts before remove)
rm –d -r -f <folder>	Remove (delete) folder and contents without prompting
find <folder> -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;	Remove (delete) files in folder older than 14 days
more <file>	Views a file (read only), q to exit, +line to start from line
find /path/ -iname "*FILENAME*"	Find file with *filename* in path
watch -d "ls -lt *.vmdk ;date"	Watch modifications occurring to files matching *.vmdk
diff <file1> <file2>	Difference between two files
grep <find> <file>	Find all occurrences of find in file
tail <file>	Displays the last 10 lines of a file, -f follows any updates (eg to monitor a log file)
init <level>	Level 0 - Halt system, level 6 - Reboot system
df -h	Disk space summary
du -sh	Directory space usage summary
chmod +x <file>	Add execute permission to a file
uname -a	Running OS info
arp -n	IP -> MAC arp table
ifconfig	Interface config (Unix equiv of Windows' ipconfig)
ps fx | grep <proc>	Find running process info
ps -aux	Running process info
kill <pid>	Kill a process
lsof <folder>	List open files
top	Task Manager (ish)
free -m	Free memory
tar czf file.tgz folder	Tar contents of folder to file

SCP

In order to be able to copy files from one machine to the other... scp user@server:/remote/server/path/file /local/server/path/

In order to be able to copy files within a script (and not get prompted for a user password, the public key of the machine running the script needs to be authorised on the remote server.

1. On the local machine, be logged in as the same user as will be running the script
2. Create public key on local machine (just hit return to accept default options)
   • ssh-keygen -t rsa
3. Copy the public key for local machine user to the remote machine
   • EG scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub server:/home/user/
4. On the remote machine, check if the following file already exists
   • /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
5. If so, append the contents of the copied key to the file
6. If not, copy the file

VI Editor

VI is a bit of a pain to use, go slowly, and use [Esc] regularly to get out of the current mode after each operation

Crib sheet for VI mode commands...

i	Insert characters
x	Delete character
r	Replace character
cw	Overwrite word (use any delimiter)
o	Insert line
dd	Delete current line
<x>yy	Yank (copy) next x lines (inclusive of current line, default x is 1)
p	Paste yanked lines
/<string>	Search for next occurrence of string
:g/<find>/s//<replace>/g	Find and replace
:wq	Write (save) and Quit
:q!	Quit (don't save)
:undo	Undo last action

VIM Editor

VIm = Vi Improved, the commands are the same, but theres extra features

• VIM website
• VIM on line manual

Installation

1. Login to the ESX console using your user account and create a new directory (within /home/user
   • mkdir vim
2. Logon to the VCS machine (UKLONVCP1) and copy across the installation files, stored under the Software_Reposity directory (substitute user and ESXserver appropriately).
   • pscp C:\Software_Repository\vim-7.1.tar.bz2 user@ESXserver:/home/user/vim
3. Back on the ESX console become root, change into the directory where vim is
4. Extract the package
   • bunzip2 -c vim-7.1.tar.bz2 | tar -xf -
5. Move into the vim71 folder
6. Run configure
   • ./configure
7. Compile the package
   • make
8. Install the package
   • make install

Useful Commands

:syntax enable	Turns on syntax formatting
vim one.sh two.sh three.sh	Opens up three files for editing
:wnext	Writes changes to existing file and moves to next file(omit w not to write)
:wprevious	Writes changes to existing file and moves to previous file (omit w not to write)
v	Toggle visual mode (so you can select text), use y/p to yank/paste selected text
VIM manual section 7.5	Copy text between files

Unix User accounts

• Create Account - Use useradd <user> to add a new user account with the default policy settings
• Modify Password - Use passwd <user> to change password for user. To breach minimum complexity rules you must be logged in at the console (in the DC not remotely)
• Modify Expiry - To disable the password expiry policy for a account that already exists use chage -M 99999 <user> , to disable for all future account (ie modify the default policy) use esxcfg-auth --passmaxdays=99999