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Much of this page was originally borrowed heavily from the following pages - they are well worth a read! | |||
Much of this | |||
* http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-ubuntu8.04-lts | * http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-ubuntu8.04-lts | ||
* http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-ubuntu8.04-with-software-raid1 | * http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-ubuntu8.04-with-software-raid1 | ||
This | This page deals with installation of a Ubuntu Server 10.04 in a VM installed on one partition, with the option of using software RAID across two VMDK's. | ||
== Prepare Virtual Machine == | == Prepare Virtual Machine == | ||
# Create a virtual machine with the following options (use Custom) | # Create a virtual machine with the following options (use Custom) | ||
#* Guest OS: Linux > Ubuntu | #* Guest OS: Linux > Ubuntu 64bit | ||
#* CPU: 1 | #* CPU: 1 | ||
#* Memory: | #* Memory: 512 MB | ||
#* Disk: 36GB | #* Disk: 36GB | ||
# Then add a second 36GB disk on a separate physical datastore (if you intend to use software RAID) | # Then add a second 36GB disk on a separate physical datastore (if you intend to use software RAID) | ||
# Attach Ubuntu install ISO to the CD-ROM | # Attach Ubuntu install ISO to the CD-ROM | ||
Note that the specs above should be altered to suit your purposes. | Note that the specs above should be altered to suit your purposes. Whilst there is no need to use a 64 bit OS as opposed to 32 bit if you don't need to address lots of memory, it is standard these days. | ||
== OS Installation == | == OS Installation == | ||
Installing Ubuntu Server (LTS) is relatively painless, its generally a case of following the default or sensible choices for your locale. However, below are step-by-step instructions, which you probably won't require, but may help if you're not familiar with the terminology. | |||
If you're completely new make sure you read through the instructions 1st, so that you're prepared for the information you'll need to provide. | |||
* '''Partition Disks''' | |||
# Select language for installer | |||
# Select '''Install Ubuntu Server''' | |||
# '''Choose Language''' screens | |||
## Select language for server (and remainder of the installer) | |||
## Select location | |||
# '''Ubuntu Installer Main Menu''' screens | |||
## Select ''Yes'' for questions to determine appropriate keyboard, or ''No'' to just select a keyboard layout | |||
# '''Configure the network''' screen | |||
## Enter the hostname for the server (not a FQDN, so <code>hostname</code> rather than <code>hostname.domain.com</code>) | |||
# '''Configure the clock''' screen | |||
## Select ''Yes'' to accept the suggested timezone, or ''No'' to alter | |||
# '''Partition disks''' screens | |||
#* If you want to install the server onto software [[Acronyms#R|RAID]]'ed disks see [[#Install on Software RAID|Install on Software RAID]] | |||
## Select ''Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM'' | |||
## Select the disk to partition and install the OS onto | |||
## Select ''Yes'' to ''Write the changes to disks and configure LVM'' | |||
## Accept the full amount to partition | |||
## Select ''Yes'' to ''Write the changes to disks'' | |||
# '''Set up users and passwords''' screens | |||
## Enter your name | |||
## Enter your username (that you will use to login with) | |||
## Enter your password | |||
##* If you use a weak password (eg less that 8 characters) you'll be asked to confirm this is OK once you've verified it | |||
## Re-enter (verify) your password | |||
## Select ''No'' to not ''Encrypt your home drive'' | |||
##* If you are really worried about your dat being compromised you should consider encrypting the whole drive during its partitioning | |||
# '''Configure the package manager''' screen | |||
## Enter proxy server details if required for server to access the internet for updates | |||
# '''Select and install software''' screen | |||
## Select ''No automatic updates'' if you want to control how updates are applied yourself, otherwise select ''Install security updates automatically'' | |||
# '''Software selection''' screens | |||
## Select '''OpenSSH Server''' (press [Space] when item is highlighted), this allows you to Putty/SSH to the server | |||
## Select any other required software, eg | |||
##* DNS Server - Only required if you want your server to be a DNS server; or in order to configure split DNS, which is required for an exchange server install | |||
##* LAMP Server - Only required for Apache webserver (with MySQL and PHP) | |||
# '''Configuring grub-pc''' screen | |||
## Select ''Yes'' to ''Install the GRUB boot loader to the master boot record'' | |||
# '''Finish the installation''' screen | |||
## Select ''Continue'' | |||
=== Install on Software RAID === | |||
On the '''Partition Disks''' screens use the following to setup software RAID during OS installation. | |||
* If setting up software RAID follow the steps below, otherwise just select '''Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM''' | |||
# Select '''"Manual''' | |||
# Then create a partition... | |||
## Select the first disk ('''<code>sda</code>''') and on the next screen, '''Yes''', to '''Create new empty partition table on this device?''' | |||
## Select the FREE SPACE, then '''Create a new Partition''', and use all but the last 2GB of space, | |||
## And then select type of '''Primary''', and create at '''Beginning''' | |||
## Change '''''Use as''''' to '''physical volume for RAID''', and change the '''''Bootable flag''''' to '''Yes''', the select '''Done setting up this partition''' | |||
# Repeat the above on the remaining FREE SPACE on '''<code>sda</code>''', to create another primary '''physical volume for RAID''', but ''''not'' bootable''' | |||
# Select the second disk, <code>sdb</code>, and repeat the steps taken for <code>sda</code> to create two identical partitions | |||
# On the same screen, select the '''Configure Software RAID''' option (at the top), and then confirm through the next screen | |||
# Create a RAID pack/multidisk... | |||
## Select '''Create MD device''', then select '''RAID1''' (ie a mirror), then confirm 2 ''Active devices'', and 0 ''Spare devices'' | |||
## Select both '''<code>/dev/sda1</code>''' and '''<code>/dev/sdb1</code>''' partitions, and then select '''Finish''' | |||
# Repeat the above to create a RAID volume using '''<code>/dev/sda2</code>''' and '''<code>/dev/sdb2</code>''' partitions | |||
# Now select the RAID device #0 partition (select the #1 just under RAID1 device line), and change the '''''Use as''''' and select '''Ext3...''' | |||
# Change the '''''Mount point''''' to '''/''', then select '''Done configuring this partition''' | |||
# Now select the RAID device #1 partition (select the #1 just under RAID1 device line), and change the '''''Use as''''' and select '''Swap area''' | |||
# Then select '''Done configuring this partition''' then finally '''Finish partitioning and write changes to disk''', and confirm to '''Write the changes to disks''' | |||
# Accept the "The kernel was unable to re-read...system will need to restart" complaints for each RAID multidisk, after which the install will continue (note there's a little more to do post install to ensure you can boot using the second disk should the first fail). | |||
== Post OS Install Config == | == Post OS Install Config == | ||
=== Enable Root === | |||
# Use the command <code> sudo passwd root </code> | |||
# Enter your user password | |||
# Enter a strong password for the root account | |||
=== Finish Software RAID config === | |||
''' Only if configured during install ''' | |||
# Start-up grub (by entering <code> grub </code> and enter the following commands (seems to work better via SSH than direct console)... | |||
#* <code> device (hd1) /dev/sdb </code> | |||
#* <code> root (hd1,0) </code> | |||
#* <code> setup (hd1) </code> | |||
#* <code> quit </code> | |||
# Then edit the <code> /boot/grub/menu.lst </code> config file. Go to the end of the file where the boot options are, and create a copy of the first option and edit the following lines | |||
#* <code> title </code> Add "Primary disk fail" or something similar to end | |||
#* <code> root </code> Change <code> hd0 </code> to <code> hd1 </code> | |||
# To check the RAID setup of your drives use | |||
#* <code> mdadm --misc -D /dev/md0 </code> | |||
#* <code> mdadm --misc -D /dev/md1 </code> | |||
== Change IP Address == | == Change IP Address == | ||
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== Update the OS == | == Update the OS == | ||
# Run the following command to update the apt package database | |||
#* <code> apt-get update </code> | |||
# To install any updates | |||
#* <code> apt-get upgrade </code> | |||
#* If updates are being held back (eg linux image), then use <code> aptitude safe-upgrade</code> | |||
= Install VM Tools = | == Install VM Tools == | ||
The pre-built modules that come with the VMTools installer aren't compatible, therefore the script needs to be able to compile them, however the required library files aren't available by default, so the procedure is a little laboured. | The pre-built modules that come with the VMTools installer aren't compatible, therefore the script needs to be able to compile them, however the required library files aren't available by default, so the procedure is a little laboured. | ||
== Ubuntu 8 | === Ubuntu 8.04 LTS === | ||
# Install the build library files... | # Install the build library files... | ||
#* <code> apt-get install build-essential </code> | #* <code> apt-get install build-essential </code> | ||
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#* <code> shutdown -r now </code> | #* <code> shutdown -r now </code> | ||
== Ubuntu 10.04 | === Ubuntu 10.04 LTS === | ||
VM Tools can be installed via two methods, neither of which is ideal... | VM Tools can be installed via two methods, neither of which is ideal... | ||
* Using the normal VM Tools ''CD'' - requires additional library install and sometimes mounting the CDROM doesn't work too well. | * Using the normal VM Tools ''CD'' - requires additional library install and sometimes mounting the CDROM doesn't work too well. | ||
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#* <code> apt-get install vmware-tools </code> | #* <code> apt-get install vmware-tools </code> | ||
= NTP = | == NTP == | ||
''Not required if your server doesn't really need bang on accurate time'' | ''Not required if your server doesn't really need bang on accurate time'' | ||